← Long Term Stability

Climate Vulnerability

Notre Dame ND-GAIN Country Vulnerability Index 2023 (0–1, lower = less vulnerable). ND-GAIN measures exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity across six life-supporting sectors: food, water, health, ecosystem services, human habitat, and infrastructure. This is a forward-looking indicator: countries that are fine today may face compounding crises in 10–20 years. Pacific island nations (Tuvalu, Kiribati: sea-level rise), the Sahel (desertification, drought), and Bangladesh (flooding) face existential threats on current trajectories. Nordic countries, Canada and New Zealand are among the least vulnerable. Score is inverted so higher = more resilient.

#↑ Country↕ Raw Value↕ Score↕
1 Finland0.18 0.18 81
1 Denmark0.18 0.18 81
1 Sweden0.18 0.18 81
1 Norway0.18 0.18 81
1 Germany0.18 0.18 81
1 Belgium0.18 0.18 81
1 Luxembourg0.18 0.18 81
1 Faroe Islands0.18 0.18 81
1 Liechtenstein0.18 0.18 81
1 Austria0.18 0.18 81
1 Switzerland0.18 0.18 81
1 Iceland0.18 0.18 81
13 Ireland0.2 0.2 79
13 England0.2 0.2 79
13 Wales0.2 0.2 79
13 Northern Ireland0.2 0.2 79
13 Scotland0.2 0.2 79
13 Estonia0.2 0.2 79
13 Netherlands0.2 0.2 79
13 France0.2 0.2 79
13 Andorra0.2 0.2 79
22 Latvia0.22 0.22 77
22 Lithuania0.22 0.22 77
22 Czech Republic0.22 0.22 77
22 Canada0.22 0.22 77
22 Monaco0.22 0.22 77
22 San Marino0.22 0.22 77
22 Gibraltar0.22 0.22 77
22 New Zealand0.22 0.22 77
30 Singapore0.25 0.25 75
30 Poland0.25 0.25 75
30 Slovakia0.25 0.25 75
30 Korea Republic0.25 0.25 75
30 Slovenia0.25 0.25 75
30 Japan0.25 0.25 75
36 Australia0.28 0.28 72
36 United States0.28 0.28 72
36 Saint Pierre and Miquelon0.28 0.28 72
36 Spain0.28 0.28 72
36 Hungary0.28 0.28 72
36 Portugal0.28 0.28 72
36 Romania0.28 0.28 72
36 Croatia0.28 0.28 72
36 Italy0.28 0.28 72
36 Chinese Taipei0.28 0.28 72
46 Belarus0.3 0.3 70
46 Hong Kong0.3 0.3 70
46 Bulgaria0.3 0.3 70
46 Serbia0.3 0.3 70
46 Bosnia and Herzegovina0.3 0.3 70
46 Montenegro0.3 0.3 70
52 Kosovo0.32 0.32 68
52 Malta0.32 0.32 68
52 Macau0.32 0.32 68
52 Bermuda0.32 0.32 68
52 North Macedonia0.32 0.32 68
52 Cyprus0.32 0.32 68
52 Greece0.32 0.32 68
59 Aruba0.35 0.35 65
59 Curacao0.35 0.35 65
59 Ukraine0.35 0.35 65
59 Cayman Islands0.35 0.35 65
59 Albania0.35 0.35 65
59 New Caledonia0.35 0.35 65
65 Uruguay0.38 0.38 62
65 Russia0.38 0.38 62
65 Turks and Caicos Islands0.38 0.38 62
65 Barbados0.38 0.38 62
65 Moldova0.38 0.38 62
65 Tahiti0.38 0.38 62
65 Anguilla0.38 0.38 62
65 British Virgin Islands0.38 0.38 62
65 Sint Maarten0.38 0.38 62
65 Israel0.38 0.38 62
65 Wallis and Futuna0.38 0.38 62
65 Costa Rica0.38 0.38 62
65 Chile0.38 0.38 62
78 Seychelles0.4 0.4 60
78 French Guiana0.4 0.4 60
78 China0.4 0.4 60
78 Saint-Martin0.4 0.4 60
78 Guam0.4 0.4 60
83 Brazil0.42 0.42 58
83 Bahamas0.42 0.42 58
83 Malaysia0.42 0.42 58
83 Argentina0.42 0.42 58
83 Réunion0.42 0.42 58
83 Panama0.42 0.42 58
83 U.S. Virgin Islands0.42 0.42 58
83 American Samoa0.42 0.42 58
83 Georgia0.42 0.42 58
83 Turkey0.42 0.42 58
83 Northern Mariana Islands0.42 0.42 58
83 Martinique0.42 0.42 58
83 Guadeloupe0.42 0.42 58
83 Ecuador0.42 0.42 58
97 Paraguay0.45 0.45 55
97 Mauritius0.45 0.45 55
97 South Africa0.45 0.45 55
97 Brunei0.45 0.45 55
97 Thailand0.45 0.45 55
97 Trinidad and Tobago0.45 0.45 55
97 Antigua and Barbuda0.45 0.45 55
97 Colombia0.45 0.45 55
105 Venezuela0.48 0.48 52
105 Mexico0.48 0.48 52
105 Mongolia0.48 0.48 52
105 Bolivia0.48 0.48 52
105 Puerto Rico0.48 0.48 52
105 Montserrat0.48 0.48 52
105 Saint Kitts and Nevis0.48 0.48 52
105 Peru0.48 0.48 52
113 Suriname0.5 0.5 50
113 United Arab Emirates0.5 0.5 50
113 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.5 0.5 50
113 Grenada0.5 0.5 50
113 Niue0.5 0.5 50
113 Jamaica0.5 0.5 50
113 Saint Lucia0.5 0.5 50
113 Mayotte0.5 0.5 50
113 Armenia0.5 0.5 50
113 Bhutan0.5 0.5 50
123 Qatar0.52 0.52 48
123 Sri Lanka0.52 0.52 48
123 Kazakhstan0.52 0.52 48
123 India0.52 0.52 48
123 Belize0.52 0.52 48
123 Cuba0.52 0.52 48
123 Vietnam0.52 0.52 48
123 Dominican Republic0.52 0.52 48
123 Dominica0.52 0.52 48
123 Indonesia0.52 0.52 48
123 El Salvador0.52 0.52 48
134 Guyana0.55 0.55 45
134 Kuwait0.55 0.55 45
134 Bahrain0.55 0.55 45
134 Korea DPR0.55 0.55 45
134 Cape Verde0.55 0.55 45
134 São Tomé and Príncipe0.55 0.55 45
134 Palau0.55 0.55 45
134 Cook Islands0.55 0.55 45
134 Azerbaijan0.55 0.55 45
134 Fiji0.55 0.55 45
134 Kyrgyzstan0.55 0.55 45
134 Nicaragua0.55 0.55 45
146 Namibia0.58 0.58 42
146 Botswana0.58 0.58 42
146 Oman0.58 0.58 42
146 Uzbekistan0.58 0.58 42
146 Honduras0.58 0.58 42
146 Samoa0.58 0.58 42
146 Palestine0.58 0.58 42
146 Lebanon0.58 0.58 42
146 Guatemala0.58 0.58 42
146 Philippines0.58 0.58 42
146 Nepal0.58 0.58 42
157 Gabon0.6 0.6 40
157 Swaziland0.6 0.6 40
157 Nauru0.6 0.6 40
157 Tunisia0.6 0.6 40
157 Saudi Arabia0.6 0.6 40
157 Papua New Guinea0.6 0.6 40
163 Ghana0.62 0.62 38
163 Ivory Coast0.62 0.62 38
163 Cambodia0.62 0.62 38
163 Equatorial Guinea0.62 0.62 38
163 Lesotho0.62 0.62 38
163 Laos0.62 0.62 38
163 Kenya0.62 0.62 38
163 Jordan0.62 0.62 38
163 Turkmenistan0.62 0.62 38
163 Morocco0.62 0.62 38
163 Algeria0.62 0.62 38
163 Myanmar0.62 0.62 38
163 Tajikistan0.62 0.62 38
163 Iran0.62 0.62 38
177 Senegal0.65 0.65 35
177 Togo0.65 0.65 35
177 Congo0.65 0.65 35
177 Western Sahara0.65 0.65 35
177 Zimbabwe0.65 0.65 35
177 Zambia0.65 0.65 35
177 Libya0.65 0.65 35
177 Egypt0.65 0.65 35
177 Zanzibar0.65 0.65 35
177 Uganda0.65 0.65 35
177 Tanzania0.65 0.65 35
177 Rwanda0.65 0.65 35
177 Pakistan0.65 0.65 35
177 Timor-Leste0.65 0.65 35
177 Tonga0.65 0.65 35
177 Vanuatu0.65 0.65 35
177 Solomon Islands0.65 0.65 35
194 Benin0.67 0.67 33
195 Gambia0.68 0.68 32
195 Syria0.68 0.68 32
195 Madagascar0.68 0.68 32
195 Nigeria0.68 0.68 32
195 Liberia0.68 0.68 32
195 Guinea-Bissau0.68 0.68 32
195 Iraq0.68 0.68 32
195 Burundi0.68 0.68 32
195 Malawi0.68 0.68 32
195 Comoros0.68 0.68 32
195 Haiti0.68 0.68 32
206 Angola0.7 0.7 30
206 Mauritania0.7 0.7 30
206 Sierra Leone0.7 0.7 30
206 Guinea0.7 0.7 30
206 Cameroon0.7 0.7 30
206 Eritrea0.7 0.7 30
206 Afghanistan0.7 0.7 30
206 Djibouti0.7 0.7 30
214 Congo DR0.71 0.71 29
215 Sudan0.72 0.72 28
215 Bangladesh0.72 0.72 28
215 Mozambique0.72 0.72 28
218 Burkina Faso0.73 0.73 27
218 Ethiopia0.73 0.73 27
220 Central African Republic0.74 0.74 26
220 Yemen0.75 0.75 26
220 Mali0.75 0.75 26
220 Maldives0.75 0.75 26
220 South Sudan0.75 0.75 26
220 Somalia0.75 0.75 26
226 Niger0.78 0.78 23
226 Chad0.78 0.78 23
226 Micronesia0.78 0.78 23
229 Marshall Islands0.8 0.8 21
230 Tuvalu0.82 0.82 19
230 Kiribati0.82 0.82 19