← Real Estate Property

Affordability

Price-to-Income Ratio (PTI, Numbeo methodology): how many years of the country's median gross annual income are needed to purchase a 90m² apartment in the city center. This is the single best measure of property market accessibility relative to local purchasing power and reflects structural long-term affordability. A lower PTI means property is accessible, the market has a large local buyer pool (better liquidity for resale), and there is less bubble risk. For nomads with externally-earned USD income, the actual USD/m² price matters more than PTI — but PTI additionally captures leverage risk and whether appreciation can continue sustainably. Outstanding value: Georgia (4×), Kosovo (5×), Armenia (6×), Paraguay (6×), Moldova (5×). Severely unaffordable: Hong Kong (54×), Macau (40×), Monaco (100×+), China tier-1 cities (35×), Singapore (25×), Auckland/Sydney (22×).

#↑ Country↕ Raw Value↕ Score↕
1 Georgia4 4 86
2 Kosovo5 5 83
2 Western Sahara5 5 83
2 Tuvalu5 5 83
2 Kiribati5 5 83
2 Moldova5 5 83
7 Paraguay6 6 79
7 Lesotho6 6 79
7 Nauru6 6 79
7 Ukraine6 6 79
7 Uzbekistan6 6 79
7 North Macedonia6 6 79
7 Kyrgyzstan6 6 79
7 Armenia6 6 79
7 Tajikistan6 6 79
7 Tonga6 6 79
17 Latvia7 7 76
17 Gambia7 7 76
17 Niger7 7 76
17 Guinea-Bissau7 7 76
17 Belize7 7 76
17 Cape Verde7 7 76
17 Bulgaria7 7 76
17 São Tomé and Príncipe7 7 76
17 Malawi7 7 76
17 Romania7 7 76
17 Serbia7 7 76
17 Samoa7 7 76
17 Bosnia and Herzegovina7 7 76
17 Niue7 7 76
17 Micronesia7 7 76
17 Nicaragua7 7 76
17 Vanuatu7 7 76
34 Lithuania8 8 73
34 Belarus8 8 73
34 Madagascar8 8 73
34 Burkina Faso8 8 73
34 Mali8 8 73
34 Namibia8 8 73
34 Togo8 8 73
34 Botswana8 8 73
34 Uruguay8 8 73
34 Suriname8 8 73
34 Liberia8 8 73
34 Chad8 8 73
34 Guyana8 8 73
34 Sierra Leone8 8 73
34 Guinea8 8 73
34 Swaziland8 8 73
34 Central African Republic8 8 73
34 Laos8 8 73
34 Zambia8 8 73
34 South Sudan8 8 73
34 United Arab Emirates8 8 73
34 Somalia8 8 73
34 Marshall Islands8 8 73
34 Kazakhstan8 8 73
34 Burundi8 8 73
34 Rwanda8 8 73
34 Turkmenistan8 8 73
34 Honduras8 8 73
34 Eritrea8 8 73
34 Mongolia8 8 73
34 Comoros8 8 73
34 Bolivia8 8 73
34 Montenegro8 8 73
34 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines8 8 73
34 Grenada8 8 73
34 Wallis and Futuna8 8 73
34 Montserrat8 8 73
34 Albania8 8 73
34 Dominica8 8 73
34 Ecuador8 8 73
34 Solomon Islands8 8 73
75 Senegal9 9 70
75 Slovakia9 9 70
75 Hungary9 9 70
75 Panama9 9 70
75 Trinidad and Tobago9 9 70
75 Mexico9 9 70
75 Azerbaijan9 9 70
75 Jamaica9 9 70
75 Dominican Republic9 9 70
75 Colombia9 9 70
75 Guatemala9 9 70
75 El Salvador9 9 70
87 Estonia10 10 66
87 Yemen10 10 66
87 Syria10 10 66
87 Mauritania10 10 66
87 Benin10 10 66
87 Gabon10 10 66
87 Congo10 10 66
87 Brazil10 10 66
87 Poland10 10 66
87 Zimbabwe10 10 66
87 Mauritius10 10 66
87 Russia10 10 66
87 Cameroon10 10 66
87 Zanzibar10 10 66
87 Uganda10 10 66
87 Malaysia10 10 66
87 San Marino10 10 66
87 Tanzania10 10 66
87 Argentina10 10 66
87 Mozambique10 10 66
87 Slovenia10 10 66
87 Palau10 10 66
87 Cook Islands10 10 66
87 American Samoa10 10 66
87 Croatia10 10 66
87 Antigua and Barbuda10 10 66
87 Puerto Rico10 10 66
87 Afghanistan10 10 66
87 Saint Lucia10 10 66
87 Fiji10 10 66
87 Peru10 10 66
87 Turkey10 10 66
87 Timor-Leste10 10 66
87 Costa Rica10 10 66
87 Greece10 10 66
122 Aruba11 11 63
122 Chile11 11 63
124 Northern Ireland12 12 60
124 Ghana12 12 60
124 Ivory Coast12 12 60
124 French Guiana12 12 60
124 Faroe Islands12 12 60
124 Cambodia12 12 60
124 Equatorial Guinea12 12 60
124 Saint Pierre and Miquelon12 12 60
124 South Africa12 12 60
124 Sudan12 12 60
124 Libya12 12 60
124 Curacao12 12 60
124 Bahrain12 12 60
124 Tunisia12 12 60
124 Morocco12 12 60
124 Cyprus12 12 60
124 Palestine12 12 60
124 Myanmar12 12 60
124 Mayotte12 12 60
124 Saint Kitts and Nevis12 12 60
124 Italy12 12 60
124 Guam12 12 60
124 Northern Mariana Islands12 12 60
124 Haiti12 12 60
124 Papua New Guinea12 12 60
124 Bhutan12 12 60
150 Germany13 13 57
150 Czech Republic13 13 57
150 Jordan13 13 57
150 Philippines13 13 57
154 Finland14 14 53
154 United States14 14 53
154 Malta14 14 53
154 Belgium14 14 53
154 Brunei14 14 53
154 Oman14 14 53
154 Austria14 14 53
154 Spain14 14 53
154 Kenya14 14 53
154 Réunion14 14 53
154 Portugal14 14 53
154 New Caledonia14 14 53
154 Martinique14 14 53
154 Guadeloupe14 14 53
168 Congo DR15 15 50
168 Barbados15 15 50
168 Venezuela15 15 50
168 U.S. Virgin Islands15 15 50
168 Sint Maarten15 15 50
168 Japan15 15 50
174 Wales16 16 47
174 Sweden16 16 47
174 Thailand16 16 47
174 Sri Lanka16 16 47
174 France16 16 47
174 Bahamas16 16 47
174 Ethiopia16 16 47
174 Tahiti16 16 47
174 Algeria16 16 47
174 Anguilla16 16 47
174 Saint-Martin16 16 47
174 Iceland16 16 47
186 Australia18 18 40
186 Scotland18 18 40
186 Nigeria18 18 40
186 Maldives18 18 40
186 Norway18 18 40
186 Canada18 18 40
186 Seychelles18 18 40
186 Netherlands18 18 40
186 Egypt18 18 40
186 Andorra18 18 40
186 Iraq18 18 40
186 Gibraltar18 18 40
186 Turks and Caicos Islands18 18 40
186 Vietnam18 18 40
186 British Virgin Islands18 18 40
186 Lebanon18 18 40
186 Djibouti18 18 40
186 Indonesia18 18 40
204 England20 20 34
204 Denmark20 20 34
204 Luxembourg20 20 34
204 Qatar20 20 34
204 Switzerland20 20 34
204 India20 20 34
204 Cuba20 20 34
204 Cayman Islands20 20 34
204 Iran20 20 34
204 Nepal20 20 34
214 Ireland22 22 27
214 Angola22 22 27
214 Kuwait22 22 27
214 Liechtenstein22 22 27
214 Korea Republic22 22 27
214 Saudi Arabia22 22 27
214 Pakistan22 22 27
214 Chinese Taipei22 22 27
214 New Zealand22 22 27
223 Singapore25 25 17
224 Israel26 26 14
225 Bermuda28 28 8
226 Bangladesh30 30 1
226 Korea DPR30 30 1
226 China35 35 1
226 Macau40 40 1
226 Hong Kong54 54 1
226 Monaco100 100 1