Drug and Substance-Use Burden

Non-alcohol and non-tobacco drug and substance-use burden. Raw value is a 0-100 risk-point composite from UNODC World Drug Report prevalence, people-who-inject-drugs and infection series. Lower raw value scores higher.
1 Saudi Arabia3.4 risk points 3.4 risk points 97
2 Togo4.8 risk points 4.8 risk points 95
3 Uganda6.3 risk points 6.3 risk points 94
4 Kuwait6.4 risk points 6.4 risk points 94
5 Swaziland7 risk points 7 risk points 93
6 Bahamas8 risk points 8 risk points 92
6 Congo8 risk points 8 risk points 92
6 Guinea8 risk points 8 risk points 92
9 Algeria8.2 risk points 8.2 risk points 92
10 Philippines9 risk points 9 risk points 91
11 Turkey9.3 risk points 9.3 risk points 91
12 Kenya9.8 risk points 9.8 risk points 90
13 Panama10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Singapore10 risk points 10 risk points 90
15 Dominican Republic10 risk points 10 risk points 90
15 El Salvador10 risk points 10 risk points 90
15 Paraguay10 risk points 10 risk points 90
15 Suriname10 risk points 10 risk points 90
15 Timor-Leste10 risk points 10 risk points 90
20 Nicaragua10.2 risk points 10.2 risk points 90
21 Nepal10.8 risk points 10.8 risk points 89
22 Cambodia11.2 risk points 11.2 risk points 89
23 Greece11.3 risk points 11.3 risk points 89
24 Argentina11.4 risk points 11.4 risk points 89
25 Indonesia11.5 risk points 11.5 risk points 89
26 Tunisia11.8 risk points 11.8 risk points 88
27 Armenia11.9 risk points 11.9 risk points 88
28 Cape Verde11.9 risk points 11.9 risk points 88
29 Cameroon12 risk points 12 risk points 88
29 Lebanon12 risk points 12 risk points 88
31 Burundi12 risk points 12 risk points 88
32 Bolivia12 risk points 12 risk points 88
33 Costa Rica12.7 risk points 12.7 risk points 87
34 Peru12.8 risk points 12.8 risk points 87
35 Ecuador13 risk points 13 risk points 87
36 Mexico13.4 risk points 13.4 risk points 87
37 China13.8 risk points 13.8 risk points 86
38 Sri Lanka13.8 risk points 13.8 risk points 86
39 Lesotho13.8 risk points 13.8 risk points 86
40 Barbados14 risk points 14 risk points 86
40 Korea Republic14 risk points 14 risk points 86
40 Turkmenistan14 risk points 14 risk points 86
40 United Arab Emirates14 risk points 14 risk points 86
44 Guyana14.1 risk points 14.1 risk points 86
45 Bangladesh14.3 risk points 14.3 risk points 86
46 Malta14.6 risk points 14.6 risk points 85
47 Guatemala14.6 risk points 14.6 risk points 85
48 Morocco15 risk points 15 risk points 85
49 Honduras15.5 risk points 15.5 risk points 85
50 Trinidad and Tobago15.6 risk points 15.6 risk points 84
51 Netherlands15.8 risk points 15.8 risk points 84
52 Laos16 risk points 16 risk points 84
53 Chad16 risk points 16 risk points 84
53 Libya16 risk points 16 risk points 84
55 Thailand16.2 risk points 16.2 risk points 84
56 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines16.3 risk points 16.3 risk points 84
57 Antigua and Barbuda16.3 risk points 16.3 risk points 84
58 Hong Kong16.5 risk points 16.5 risk points 84
59 Oman16.5 risk points 16.5 risk points 83
60 Saint Kitts and Nevis16.5 risk points 16.5 risk points 83
61 Brunei16.7 risk points 16.7 risk points 83
62 Chinese Taipei16.8 risk points 16.8 risk points 83
63 Luxembourg16.8 risk points 16.8 risk points 83
64 Hungary16.8 risk points 16.8 risk points 83
65 Sierra Leone17 risk points 17 risk points 83
66 Grenada17 risk points 17 risk points 83
67 Dominica17 risk points 17 risk points 83
68 Qatar17.2 risk points 17.2 risk points 83
69 Cyprus17.2 risk points 17.2 risk points 83
70 Aruba17.4 risk points 17.4 risk points 83
71 Curacao17.6 risk points 17.6 risk points 82
72 Sint Maarten17.7 risk points 17.7 risk points 82
73 Bahrain17.8 risk points 17.8 risk points 82
74 Slovakia18 risk points 18 risk points 82
75 Romania18.1 risk points 18.1 risk points 82
76 Jordan18.2 risk points 18.2 risk points 82
77 Bosnia and Herzegovina18.2 risk points 18.2 risk points 82
78 Liberia18.3 risk points 18.3 risk points 82
79 Bhutan18.5 risk points 18.5 risk points 81
80 Macau18.8 risk points 18.8 risk points 81
81 Cuba18.8 risk points 18.8 risk points 81
82 Ivory Coast18.9 risk points 18.9 risk points 81
83 São Tomé and Príncipe19.4 risk points 19.4 risk points 81
84 Chile19.6 risk points 19.6 risk points 80
85 Burkina Faso20 risk points 20 risk points 80
85 Congo DR20 risk points 20 risk points 80
85 South Sudan20 risk points 20 risk points 80
85 Syria20 risk points 20 risk points 80
89 Japan20.3 risk points 20.3 risk points 80
90 Vietnam20.6 risk points 20.6 risk points 79
91 Portugal20.7 risk points 20.7 risk points 79
92 Iraq20.8 risk points 20.8 risk points 79
93 Malaysia20.8 risk points 20.8 risk points 79
94 Guinea-Bissau21.3 risk points 21.3 risk points 79
95 Mongolia21.5 risk points 21.5 risk points 79
96 Senegal21.5 risk points 21.5 risk points 78
97 Belize21.5 risk points 21.5 risk points 78
98 Maldives21.6 risk points 21.6 risk points 78
99 Saint Lucia21.6 risk points 21.6 risk points 78
100 Tanzania21.6 risk points 21.6 risk points 78
100 Zanzibar21.6 risk points 21.6 risk points 78
102 Botswana21.7 risk points 21.7 risk points 78
103 Rwanda21.7 risk points 21.7 risk points 78
104 Slovenia21.8 risk points 21.8 risk points 78
105 Ghana21.8 risk points 21.8 risk points 78
106 Mauritania21.8 risk points 21.8 risk points 78
107 Namibia21.8 risk points 21.8 risk points 78
108 Djibouti21.9 risk points 21.9 risk points 78
109 Gambia21.9 risk points 21.9 risk points 78
110 Comoros22.3 risk points 22.3 risk points 78
111 Palestine22.4 risk points 22.4 risk points 78
112 Uzbekistan22.5 risk points 22.5 risk points 78
113 Malawi22.6 risk points 22.6 risk points 77
114 Egypt22.7 risk points 22.7 risk points 77
114 Zambia22.7 risk points 22.7 risk points 77
116 Lithuania22.9 risk points 22.9 risk points 77
117 Bermuda22.9 risk points 22.9 risk points 77
118 Korea DPR23 risk points 23 risk points 77
119 Belgium23.3 risk points 23.3 risk points 77
120 Brazil23.5 risk points 23.5 risk points 76
121 Myanmar23.5 risk points 23.5 risk points 76
122 India23.6 risk points 23.6 risk points 76
123 Zimbabwe23.7 risk points 23.7 risk points 76
124 Tajikistan23.7 risk points 23.7 risk points 76
125 Gabon23.7 risk points 23.7 risk points 76
126 Sudan23.9 risk points 23.9 risk points 76
127 Western Sahara23.9 risk points 23.9 risk points 76
128 Eritrea24 risk points 24 risk points 76
129 Equatorial Guinea24.2 risk points 24.2 risk points 76
130 Benin24.2 risk points 24.2 risk points 76
131 Yemen24.3 risk points 24.3 risk points 76
132 Bulgaria24.5 risk points 24.5 risk points 75
133 Angola24.6 risk points 24.6 risk points 75
134 Ethiopia24.7 risk points 24.7 risk points 75
135 Germany24.7 risk points 24.7 risk points 75
135 Niger24.7 risk points 24.7 risk points 75
137 Colombia24.9 risk points 24.9 risk points 75
138 Monaco25.2 risk points 25.2 risk points 75
139 Poland25.3 risk points 25.3 risk points 75
140 San Marino25.6 risk points 25.6 risk points 74
141 Norway25.6 risk points 25.6 risk points 74
142 Mali25.7 risk points 25.7 risk points 74
143 Liechtenstein25.7 risk points 25.7 risk points 74
144 Puerto Rico25.8 risk points 25.8 risk points 74
145 Israel25.8 risk points 25.8 risk points 74
146 Faroe Islands26 risk points 26 risk points 74
147 Greenland26 risk points 26 risk points 74
148 Spain26.5 risk points 26.5 risk points 74
149 Andorra26.5 risk points 26.5 risk points 74
150 Iceland26.7 risk points 26.7 risk points 73
151 South Africa26.8 risk points 26.8 risk points 73
152 Somalia27 risk points 27 risk points 73
153 Saint Pierre and Miquelon27 risk points 27 risk points 73
154 Central African Republic27.2 risk points 27.2 risk points 73
155 Czech Republic27.2 risk points 27.2 risk points 73
156 Martinique27.5 risk points 27.5 risk points 73
157 Guadeloupe27.5 risk points 27.5 risk points 73
158 Moldova27.5 risk points 27.5 risk points 73
159 Madagascar27.8 risk points 27.8 risk points 72
160 Saint-Martin28 risk points 28 risk points 72
161 Réunion28.1 risk points 28.1 risk points 72
162 Jamaica28.5 risk points 28.5 risk points 71
163 French Guiana28.5 risk points 28.5 risk points 71
164 Denmark28.6 risk points 28.6 risk points 71
165 Haiti29.2 risk points 29.2 risk points 71
166 Kosovo29.6 risk points 29.6 risk points 70
167 Nigeria29.8 risk points 29.8 risk points 70
168 North Macedonia30 risk points 30 risk points 70
169 Mozambique30.1 risk points 30.1 risk points 70
170 Montenegro30.2 risk points 30.2 risk points 70
171 Latvia30.4 risk points 30.4 risk points 70
172 Mayotte30.4 risk points 30.4 risk points 70
173 Cayman Islands30.9 risk points 30.9 risk points 69
174 Anguilla31.1 risk points 31.1 risk points 69
175 Canada31.1 risk points 31.1 risk points 69
175 Sweden31.1 risk points 31.1 risk points 69
177 British Virgin Islands31.3 risk points 31.3 risk points 69
178 Kazakhstan31.4 risk points 31.4 risk points 69
179 Montserrat31.4 risk points 31.4 risk points 69
180 Turks and Caicos Islands31.7 risk points 31.7 risk points 68
181 Venezuela31.9 risk points 31.9 risk points 68
182 Afghanistan32.1 risk points 32.1 risk points 68
183 France32.5 risk points 32.5 risk points 68
184 Serbia32.5 risk points 32.5 risk points 67
185 Pakistan32.7 risk points 32.7 risk points 67
186 Ireland33.2 risk points 33.2 risk points 67
187 New Caledonia33.4 risk points 33.4 risk points 67
188 Iran33.5 risk points 33.5 risk points 67
189 Croatia33.5 risk points 33.5 risk points 67
190 Wallis and Futuna33.7 risk points 33.7 risk points 66
191 Georgia33.7 risk points 33.7 risk points 66
192 Niue33.8 risk points 33.8 risk points 66
193 Cook Islands34.1 risk points 34.1 risk points 66
194 New Zealand34.4 risk points 34.4 risk points 66
195 Belarus35.5 risk points 35.5 risk points 65
196 Estonia35.5 risk points 35.5 risk points 64
197 Albania35.5 risk points 35.5 risk points 64
198 Kyrgyzstan35.6 risk points 35.6 risk points 64
199 Finland36.2 risk points 36.2 risk points 64
200 Switzerland36.8 risk points 36.8 risk points 63
201 Uruguay37.2 risk points 37.2 risk points 63
202 Mauritius37.2 risk points 37.2 risk points 63
203 Italy37.3 risk points 37.3 risk points 63
204 Tahiti37.6 risk points 37.6 risk points 62
205 Tonga38.1 risk points 38.1 risk points 62
206 Palau38.9 risk points 38.9 risk points 61
207 Samoa39 risk points 39 risk points 61
208 United Kingdom39.3 risk points 39.3 risk points 61
209 Micronesia39.5 risk points 39.5 risk points 61
210 Tuvalu39.7 risk points 39.7 risk points 60
211 Vanuatu39.9 risk points 39.9 risk points 60
212 Fiji40.1 risk points 40.1 risk points 60
213 Nauru40.6 risk points 40.6 risk points 59
214 Marshall Islands41.1 risk points 41.1 risk points 59
215 Ukraine41.3 risk points 41.3 risk points 59
216 Austria41.4 risk points 41.4 risk points 59
217 Kiribati41.7 risk points 41.7 risk points 58
218 Papua New Guinea41.7 risk points 41.7 risk points 58
219 Solomon Islands42.4 risk points 42.4 risk points 58
220 Russia46.7 risk points 46.7 risk points 53
221 U.S. Virgin Islands47.5 risk points 47.5 risk points 52
222 Guam47.9 risk points 47.9 risk points 52
223 Australia47.9 risk points 47.9 risk points 52
224 Northern Mariana Islands48 risk points 48 risk points 52
225 Gibraltar53.9 risk points 53.9 risk points 46
226 American Samoa54 risk points 54 risk points 46
227 Azerbaijan54.8 risk points 54.8 risk points 45
228 United States65.4 risk points 65.4 risk points 35
229 Seychelles*97.4 risk points 97.4 risk points 3

Last rating: June 16th, 2026

How the Raw Value Is Calculated

The raw value is a Nomadino risk-point value from 0 to 100. Lower is better: 0 points represent very low observed drug-related burden, while 100 points represent very high burden from drug use, injecting use and related infection risk. The visible rating is 100 minus the raw value.

This indicator does not include alcohol and tobacco, because those legal substances are already rated separately in Nomadino. This page focuses on non-alcohol and non-tobacco drug and substance-use burden in a public-health context.

The calculation uses public tables from the statistical annex to the UNODC World Drug Report 2025: national prevalence by drug group, people who inject drugs, and HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B prevalence in that group. The UNODC series currently run through 2023; Nomadino generated this rating on June 16th, 2026.

The general prevalence component accounts for 65% of the raw value. For each country, Nomadino uses the latest non-empty UNODC best estimate for cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, prescription stimulants, opioids, opiates, prescription opioids, and tranquillizers and sedatives. Each drug group is scaled to 0-100 risk points up to a technical cap and then weighted by health severity, so a high cannabis value does not have the same effect as a high opioid or cocaine value.

The injecting-drug-use component accounts for 25%. Prevalence is scaled up to 1.5% of the population because injecting use is especially connected to overdose, infections and severe dependence burden. The remaining 10% comes from HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B among people who inject drugs; hepatitis C receives the highest weight because it is often especially prevalent and long-term relevant in this group.

Formula: raw value = 0.65 * general prevalence burden + 0.25 * injecting-use burden + 0.10 * infection burden. If an individual component is missing, Nomadino divides by the sum of available weights. A direct country result still needs either at least two general prevalence drug groups or a direct injecting-use anchor. Single weak partial values therefore cannot create a perfect rating.

Nomadino also cautiously raises very low raw values where the direct evidence is very old, very narrow or especially uncertain because of severe conflict, stability or administrative conditions. This rule does not replace UNODC data and does not rate drug policy; it only prevents missing or weak observation from being read as very low burden.

For countries and territories without sufficient separate UNODC series, Nomadino uses maintained replacement values. They are derived from administering state, regional comparators, available direct country values and bounded health, stability and safety context. Replacement values remain visible as risk points and can reach at most 95 rating points because of uncertainty.

This indicator does not measure drug policy, law enforcement, seizures, street prices, legalization, moral judgement or individual medical advice. Those factors may explain conditions, but they are not mixed into the raw value.

Ranking Note

* Seychelles: The asterisk next to Seychelles indicates that the very low rank is mainly driven by very high UNODC values for injecting drug use in 2022 and hepatitis C in that group. In small island states, such percentages can fluctuate more strongly; Nomadino therefore marks the special case visibly but does not manually change the data-based value.