Infectious Diseases

Composite infectious-disease risk points from public disease burden, tuberculosis, malaria, HIV, vaccination, drinking-water and sanitation indicators. Lower raw value means lower infection risk; score equals 100 minus raw value.
1 Monaco1 risk point 1 risk point 99
2 San Marino3 risk points 3 risk points 97
3 Andorra4 risk points 4 risk points 96
3 Iceland4 risk points 4 risk points 96
5 Finland5 risk points 5 risk points 95
5 Saint Kitts and Nevis5 risk points 5 risk points 95
7 Australia7 risk points 7 risk points 93
7 Denmark7 risk points 7 risk points 93
9 New Zealand8 risk points 8 risk points 92
9 Norway8 risk points 8 risk points 92
9 Sweden8 risk points 8 risk points 92
9 United Arab Emirates8 risk points 8 risk points 92
13 Austria10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Canada10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Germany10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Israel10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Japan10 risk points 10 risk points 90
13 Switzerland10 risk points 10 risk points 90
19 Belgium11 risk points 11 risk points 89
19 Cyprus11 risk points 11 risk points 89
19 Dominica11 risk points 11 risk points 89
19 United States11 risk points 11 risk points 89
23 Barbados12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Chinese Taipei12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 France12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Gibraltar12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Hungary12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Korea DPR12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Liechtenstein12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Luxembourg12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Netherlands12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Palau12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Réunion12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Saint Pierre and Miquelon12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Slovenia12 risk points 12 risk points 88
23 Spain12 risk points 12 risk points 88
37 Faroe Islands13 risk points 13 risk points 87
37 Greece13 risk points 13 risk points 87
37 Guadeloupe13 risk points 13 risk points 87
37 Italy13 risk points 13 risk points 87
37 Martinique13 risk points 13 risk points 87
37 U.S. Virgin Islands13 risk points 13 risk points 87
43 Anguilla14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 Bermuda14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 British Virgin Islands14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 Ireland14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 Malta14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 Mauritius14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 Saint-Martin14 risk points 14 risk points 86
43 United Kingdom14 risk points 14 risk points 86
51 Bahrain15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 China15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Cook Islands15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Croatia15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Curacao15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Estonia15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Kosovo15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Montserrat15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Niue15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Portugal15 risk points 15 risk points 85
51 Saudi Arabia15 risk points 15 risk points 85
62 Belarus16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Czech Republic16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Jamaica16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Korea Republic16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Latvia16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Palestine16 risk points 16 risk points 84
62 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines16 risk points 16 risk points 84
69 Antigua and Barbuda17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Brunei17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Cayman Islands17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Kuwait17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Qatar17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Slovakia17 risk points 17 risk points 83
69 Tonga17 risk points 17 risk points 83
76 Aruba18 risk points 18 risk points 82
76 Bulgaria18 risk points 18 risk points 82
76 Jordan18 risk points 18 risk points 82
76 Poland18 risk points 18 risk points 82
76 Sint Maarten18 risk points 18 risk points 82
76 Turkey18 risk points 18 risk points 82
82 Chile19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 French Guiana19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Lithuania19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Maldives19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Saint Lucia19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Samoa19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Singapore19 risk points 19 risk points 81
82 Wallis and Futuna19 risk points 19 risk points 81
90 Grenada20 risk points 20 risk points 80
90 New Caledonia20 risk points 20 risk points 80
90 Uzbekistan20 risk points 20 risk points 80
93 Seychelles21 risk points 21 risk points 79
93 Uruguay21 risk points 21 risk points 79
95 Albania22 risk points 22 risk points 78
95 American Samoa22 risk points 22 risk points 78
95 Iran22 risk points 22 risk points 78
95 Oman22 risk points 22 risk points 78
95 Tahiti22 risk points 22 risk points 78
95 Ukraine22 risk points 22 risk points 78
101 Hong Kong23 risk points 23 risk points 77
101 Mayotte23 risk points 23 risk points 77
101 Syria23 risk points 23 risk points 77
104 Bahamas24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Egypt24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Guam24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Macau24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Northern Mariana Islands24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Puerto Rico24 risk points 24 risk points 76
104 Western Sahara24 risk points 24 risk points 76
111 Algeria25 risk points 25 risk points 75
111 Bosnia and Herzegovina25 risk points 25 risk points 75
111 Kazakhstan25 risk points 25 risk points 75
111 Marshall Islands25 risk points 25 risk points 75
111 Turkmenistan25 risk points 25 risk points 75
116 Costa Rica26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Iraq26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Malaysia26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Nauru26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Russia26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Serbia26 risk points 26 risk points 74
116 Sri Lanka26 risk points 26 risk points 74
123 Romania27 risk points 27 risk points 73
123 Trinidad and Tobago27 risk points 27 risk points 73
123 Tunisia27 risk points 27 risk points 73
123 Turks and Caicos Islands27 risk points 27 risk points 73
127 Armenia28 risk points 28 risk points 72
127 Cuba28 risk points 28 risk points 72
127 Zanzibar28 risk points 28 risk points 72
130 Cape Verde29 risk points 29 risk points 71
130 Georgia29 risk points 29 risk points 71
130 Kyrgyzstan29 risk points 29 risk points 71
130 North Macedonia29 risk points 29 risk points 71
130 Tuvalu29 risk points 29 risk points 71
135 Moldova30 risk points 30 risk points 70
135 Montenegro30 risk points 30 risk points 70
135 Morocco30 risk points 30 risk points 70
135 Vietnam30 risk points 30 risk points 70
139 Bhutan31 risk points 31 risk points 69
139 Mongolia31 risk points 31 risk points 69
141 Belize32 risk points 32 risk points 68
141 El Salvador32 risk points 32 risk points 68
141 Libya32 risk points 32 risk points 68
141 Micronesia32 risk points 32 risk points 68
145 Panama33 risk points 33 risk points 67
145 Thailand33 risk points 33 risk points 67
147 Argentina34 risk points 34 risk points 66
147 Azerbaijan34 risk points 34 risk points 66
147 Dominican Republic34 risk points 34 risk points 66
147 Greenland34 risk points 34 risk points 66
147 Honduras34 risk points 34 risk points 66
152 Brazil35 risk points 35 risk points 65
152 Fiji35 risk points 35 risk points 65
152 Tajikistan35 risk points 35 risk points 65
155 Mexico36 risk points 36 risk points 64
155 Venezuela36 risk points 36 risk points 64
157 Ecuador37 risk points 37 risk points 63
157 Guatemala37 risk points 37 risk points 63
157 Lebanon37 risk points 37 risk points 63
160 Bangladesh39 risk points 39 risk points 61
160 India39 risk points 39 risk points 61
162 Laos40 risk points 40 risk points 60
162 Paraguay40 risk points 40 risk points 60
162 Vanuatu40 risk points 40 risk points 60
165 Nepal41 risk points 41 risk points 59
166 Cambodia42 risk points 42 risk points 58
166 Colombia42 risk points 42 risk points 58
166 Philippines42 risk points 42 risk points 58
169 Comoros44 risk points 44 risk points 56
170 São Tomé and Príncipe45 risk points 45 risk points 55
171 Suriname46 risk points 46 risk points 54
172 Indonesia47 risk points 47 risk points 53
172 Kiribati47 risk points 47 risk points 53
172 Nicaragua47 risk points 47 risk points 53
175 Bolivia48 risk points 48 risk points 52
175 Guyana48 risk points 48 risk points 52
175 Myanmar48 risk points 48 risk points 52
178 Pakistan49 risk points 49 risk points 51
178 Peru49 risk points 49 risk points 51
178 Solomon Islands49 risk points 49 risk points 51
181 Haiti51 risk points 51 risk points 49
181 Rwanda51 risk points 51 risk points 49
181 Senegal51 risk points 51 risk points 49
181 Yemen51 risk points 51 risk points 49
185 Timor-Leste52 risk points 52 risk points 48
186 Eritrea54 risk points 54 risk points 46
186 Mauritania54 risk points 54 risk points 46
188 Afghanistan55 risk points 55 risk points 45
189 Botswana57 risk points 57 risk points 43
189 Djibouti57 risk points 57 risk points 43
191 South Africa58 risk points 58 risk points 42
192 Burkina Faso59 risk points 59 risk points 41
192 Gambia59 risk points 59 risk points 41
192 Ghana59 risk points 59 risk points 41
192 Sudan59 risk points 59 risk points 41
196 Burundi61 risk points 61 risk points 39
196 Kenya61 risk points 61 risk points 39
196 Togo61 risk points 61 risk points 39
199 Swaziland62 risk points 62 risk points 38
200 Namibia63 risk points 63 risk points 37
200 Zimbabwe63 risk points 63 risk points 37
202 Lesotho64 risk points 64 risk points 36
203 Ethiopia65 risk points 65 risk points 35
203 Ivory Coast65 risk points 65 risk points 35
203 Mali65 risk points 65 risk points 35
206 Malawi66 risk points 66 risk points 34
206 Somalia66 risk points 66 risk points 34
206 Tanzania66 risk points 66 risk points 34
209 Benin67 risk points 67 risk points 33
209 Cameroon67 risk points 67 risk points 33
209 Equatorial Guinea67 risk points 67 risk points 33
209 Liberia67 risk points 67 risk points 33
209 Niger67 risk points 67 risk points 33
214 Gabon69 risk points 69 risk points 31
214 Uganda69 risk points 69 risk points 31
216 Guinea-Bissau70 risk points 70 risk points 30
216 Madagascar70 risk points 70 risk points 30
218 Guinea71 risk points 71 risk points 29
218 Papua New Guinea71 risk points 71 risk points 29
218 Sierra Leone71 risk points 71 risk points 29
221 Angola72 risk points 72 risk points 28
221 Congo72 risk points 72 risk points 28
221 Nigeria72 risk points 72 risk points 28
224 Chad73 risk points 73 risk points 27
224 Zambia73 risk points 73 risk points 27
226 Congo DR75 risk points 75 risk points 25
226 South Sudan75 risk points 75 risk points 25
228 Mozambique79 risk points 79 risk points 21
229 Central African Republic84 risk points 84 risk points 16

Last rating: June 16th, 2026

How the Raw Value Is Calculated

The raw value is Nomadino infectious-disease risk points from 0 to 100. 0 means very low burden, 100 means very high burden. Lower is better; the visible rating equals 100 minus the raw value.

The update combines six blocks: 25% broad communicable-disease burden, 18% tuberculosis, 15% malaria plus vector and outbreak context, 12% HIV, 18% drinking-water and sanitation environment, and 12% vaccination gaps.

The broad burden block uses World Bank/WHO indicator SH.DTH.COMM.ZS. It measures the share of deaths from communicable diseases, maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions. Because the series is not purely infectious, it is used only as a burden anchor and not as the sole raw value.

Tuberculosis, malaria and HIV are derived from World Bank series SH.TBS.INCD, SH.MLR.INCD.P3 and SH.DYN.AIDS.ZS. High incidence values are log-scaled so that extreme outliers do not fully dominate the ranking.

The drinking-water and sanitation environment uses Nomadino maintained values for safe drinking water and safe sanitation. These are based on WHO/UNICEF JMP and World Bank data. Weaker access raises the infectious-risk value because diarrhoeal, cholera, typhoid and other water- or hygiene-related risks become more likely.

Vaccination gaps are calculated from DPT and measles immunization coverage. Low coverage raises the risk value because it signals preventable outbreaks and weaker baseline immunity.

For countries and territories without complete public component series, Nomadino uses maintained replacement values. These are derived from the available direct components, previous infectious-risk values, regional comparators, administering state, WASH conditions, tropical exposure and outbreak context.

This indicator is not an individual travel-vaccination recommendation, a live local outbreak warning or medical advice. It is a country-level structural and burden comparison; current public-health authority guidance remains important for specific trips.