CO2 Intensity

This ranking compares how much carbon dioxide is emitted per kilowatt-hour of electricity generation. The raw value shows grams of CO2 per kWh; lower values mean cleaner electricity and receive a higher rating.
1 Iceland5 g CO2/kWh 5 g CO2/kWh 100
1 Bhutan15 g CO2/kWh 15 g CO2/kWh 100
1 Paraguay18 g CO2/kWh 18 g CO2/kWh 100
1 Costa Rica25 g CO2/kWh 25 g CO2/kWh 100
1 Norway26 g CO2/kWh 26 g CO2/kWh 100
6 Greenland30 g CO2/kWh 30 g CO2/kWh 99
6 Tajikistan30 g CO2/kWh 30 g CO2/kWh 99
8 Albania40 g CO2/kWh 40 g CO2/kWh 98
9 Sweden45 g CO2/kWh 45 g CO2/kWh 97
10 Switzerland55 g CO2/kWh 55 g CO2/kWh 96
11 Liechtenstein80 g CO2/kWh 80 g CO2/kWh 93
11 Uruguay80 g CO2/kWh 80 g CO2/kWh 93
13 France85 g CO2/kWh 85 g CO2/kWh 92
14 Kyrgyzstan95 g CO2/kWh 95 g CO2/kWh 91
15 Brazil100 g CO2/kWh 100 g CO2/kWh 90
16 Austria110 g CO2/kWh 110 g CO2/kWh 89
17 Finland130 g CO2/kWh 130 g CO2/kWh 87
17 New Zealand130 g CO2/kWh 130 g CO2/kWh 87
19 Canada140 g CO2/kWh 140 g CO2/kWh 85
20 Georgia150 g CO2/kWh 150 g CO2/kWh 84
20 Slovakia150 g CO2/kWh 150 g CO2/kWh 84
22 Belgium160 g CO2/kWh 160 g CO2/kWh 83
22 Denmark160 g CO2/kWh 160 g CO2/kWh 83
22 Nepal160 g CO2/kWh 160 g CO2/kWh 83
25 Monaco180 g CO2/kWh 180 g CO2/kWh 80
25 San Marino180 g CO2/kWh 180 g CO2/kWh 80
25 Lithuania185 g CO2/kWh 185 g CO2/kWh 80
28 Croatia195 g CO2/kWh 195 g CO2/kWh 78
28 Latvia195 g CO2/kWh 195 g CO2/kWh 78
28 Andorra200 g CO2/kWh 200 g CO2/kWh 78
28 Luxembourg200 g CO2/kWh 200 g CO2/kWh 78
28 Portugal200 g CO2/kWh 200 g CO2/kWh 78
28 Spain200 g CO2/kWh 200 g CO2/kWh 78
34 Ecuador210 g CO2/kWh 210 g CO2/kWh 76
34 Colombia215 g CO2/kWh 215 g CO2/kWh 76
36 Laos250 g CO2/kWh 250 g CO2/kWh 71
36 Slovenia250 g CO2/kWh 250 g CO2/kWh 71
38 Armenia260 g CO2/kWh 260 g CO2/kWh 70
39 Hungary270 g CO2/kWh 270 g CO2/kWh 69
40 Dominica280 g CO2/kWh 280 g CO2/kWh 67
40 Ethiopia280 g CO2/kWh 280 g CO2/kWh 67
40 Ireland280 g CO2/kWh 280 g CO2/kWh 67
40 Panama280 g CO2/kWh 280 g CO2/kWh 67
44 Italy290 g CO2/kWh 290 g CO2/kWh 66
44 Kenya290 g CO2/kWh 290 g CO2/kWh 66
46 Romania310 g CO2/kWh 310 g CO2/kWh 64
47 Mozambique320 g CO2/kWh 320 g CO2/kWh 62
47 Peru320 g CO2/kWh 320 g CO2/kWh 62
47 Zambia320 g CO2/kWh 320 g CO2/kWh 62
50 Malawi330 g CO2/kWh 330 g CO2/kWh 61
51 Argentina340 g CO2/kWh 340 g CO2/kWh 60
51 Congo DR340 g CO2/kWh 340 g CO2/kWh 60
51 Fiji340 g CO2/kWh 340 g CO2/kWh 60
54 Montenegro345 g CO2/kWh 345 g CO2/kWh 59
55 Bolivia350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Burundi350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Cameroon350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Central African Republic350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Congo350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Netherlands350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
55 Suriname350 g CO2/kWh 350 g CO2/kWh 58
62 Belarus360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
62 El Salvador360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
62 Russia360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
62 Rwanda360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
62 Tanzania360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
62 Venezuela360 g CO2/kWh 360 g CO2/kWh 57
68 Chile370 g CO2/kWh 370 g CO2/kWh 56
68 Greece370 g CO2/kWh 370 g CO2/kWh 56
68 Uganda370 g CO2/kWh 370 g CO2/kWh 56
71 Afghanistan380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Angola380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Belize380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Gabon380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Germany380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Guatemala380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 Lesotho380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
71 United States380 g CO2/kWh 380 g CO2/kWh 55
79 Namibia390 g CO2/kWh 390 g CO2/kWh 53
80 Ghana400 g CO2/kWh 400 g CO2/kWh 52
80 Liberia400 g CO2/kWh 400 g CO2/kWh 52
82 Bosnia and Herzegovina410 g CO2/kWh 410 g CO2/kWh 51
82 Faroe Islands410 g CO2/kWh 410 g CO2/kWh 51
82 Singapore410 g CO2/kWh 410 g CO2/kWh 51
82 Swaziland410 g CO2/kWh 410 g CO2/kWh 51
82 Cook Islands412 g CO2/kWh 412 g CO2/kWh 51
87 Equatorial Guinea420 g CO2/kWh 420 g CO2/kWh 50
87 Estonia420 g CO2/kWh 420 g CO2/kWh 50
87 Honduras420 g CO2/kWh 420 g CO2/kWh 50
87 Turkey420 g CO2/kWh 420 g CO2/kWh 50
91 Bulgaria430 g CO2/kWh 430 g CO2/kWh 48
91 Ivory Coast430 g CO2/kWh 430 g CO2/kWh 48
91 Pakistan430 g CO2/kWh 430 g CO2/kWh 48
91 Ukraine430 g CO2/kWh 430 g CO2/kWh 48
95 Czech Republic440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
95 Madagascar440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
95 Nicaragua440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
95 Sierra Leone440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
95 South Sudan440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
95 Sri Lanka440 g CO2/kWh 440 g CO2/kWh 47
101 Cambodia450 g CO2/kWh 450 g CO2/kWh 46
101 Guinea450 g CO2/kWh 450 g CO2/kWh 46
103 Korea Republic460 g CO2/kWh 460 g CO2/kWh 44
103 Mexico460 g CO2/kWh 460 g CO2/kWh 44
103 Moldova460 g CO2/kWh 460 g CO2/kWh 44
103 Timor-Leste460 g CO2/kWh 460 g CO2/kWh 44
103 United Kingdom467 g CO2/kWh 467 g CO2/kWh 44
108 Somalia470 g CO2/kWh 470 g CO2/kWh 43
108 Réunion472 g CO2/kWh 472 g CO2/kWh 43
108 French Guiana474 g CO2/kWh 474 g CO2/kWh 43
111 Tahiti477 g CO2/kWh 477 g CO2/kWh 42
111 Eritrea480 g CO2/kWh 480 g CO2/kWh 42
111 São Tomé and Príncipe480 g CO2/kWh 480 g CO2/kWh 42
111 Vanuatu480 g CO2/kWh 480 g CO2/kWh 42
111 Zimbabwe480 g CO2/kWh 480 g CO2/kWh 42
116 Niue486 g CO2/kWh 486 g CO2/kWh 41
116 Israel490 g CO2/kWh 490 g CO2/kWh 41
116 Japan490 g CO2/kWh 490 g CO2/kWh 41
116 Thailand490 g CO2/kWh 490 g CO2/kWh 41
116 Tunisia490 g CO2/kWh 490 g CO2/kWh 41
121 Guyana500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
121 Jordan500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
121 Morocco500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
121 Myanmar500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
121 Senegal500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
121 Syria500 g CO2/kWh 500 g CO2/kWh 39
127 Serbia510 g CO2/kWh 510 g CO2/kWh 38
127 Sudan510 g CO2/kWh 510 g CO2/kWh 38
129 Algeria520 g CO2/kWh 520 g CO2/kWh 37
129 Nigeria520 g CO2/kWh 520 g CO2/kWh 37
129 Papua New Guinea520 g CO2/kWh 520 g CO2/kWh 37
129 Samoa520 g CO2/kWh 520 g CO2/kWh 37
129 Yemen520 g CO2/kWh 520 g CO2/kWh 37
134 Australia530 g CO2/kWh 530 g CO2/kWh 35
134 Azerbaijan530 g CO2/kWh 530 g CO2/kWh 35
134 Egypt530 g CO2/kWh 530 g CO2/kWh 35
134 Iran530 g CO2/kWh 530 g CO2/kWh 35
134 Solomon Islands530 g CO2/kWh 530 g CO2/kWh 35
139 Benin540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Cuba540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Kiribati540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Korea DPR540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Mali540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Mauritania540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Palestine540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
139 Togo540 g CO2/kWh 540 g CO2/kWh 34
147 Cape Verde550 g CO2/kWh 550 g CO2/kWh 33
147 Lebanon550 g CO2/kWh 550 g CO2/kWh 33
147 Niger550 g CO2/kWh 550 g CO2/kWh 33
147 Vietnam550 g CO2/kWh 550 g CO2/kWh 33
151 Gibraltar556 g CO2/kWh 556 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Burkina Faso560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Djibouti560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Guinea-Bissau560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Malta560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Tonga560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Tuvalu560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 United Arab Emirates560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
151 Uzbekistan560 g CO2/kWh 560 g CO2/kWh 32
160 Chinese Taipei565 g CO2/kWh 565 g CO2/kWh 31
160 Zanzibar568 g CO2/kWh 568 g CO2/kWh 31
162 Gambia570 g CO2/kWh 570 g CO2/kWh 30
162 Libya570 g CO2/kWh 570 g CO2/kWh 30
162 Mauritius570 g CO2/kWh 570 g CO2/kWh 30
162 Qatar570 g CO2/kWh 570 g CO2/kWh 30
166 Bahrain580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Chad580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 China580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Comoros580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Dominican Republic580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Haiti580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Iraq580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 New Caledonia580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Philippines580 g CO2/kWh 580 g CO2/kWh 29
166 Aruba582 g CO2/kWh 582 g CO2/kWh 29
176 Western Sahara589 g CO2/kWh 589 g CO2/kWh 28
176 Bangladesh590 g CO2/kWh 590 g CO2/kWh 28
176 Cyprus590 g CO2/kWh 590 g CO2/kWh 28
176 Hong Kong592 g CO2/kWh 592 g CO2/kWh 28
180 Guadeloupe600 g CO2/kWh 600 g CO2/kWh 27
180 Martinique600 g CO2/kWh 600 g CO2/kWh 27
180 North Macedonia600 g CO2/kWh 600 g CO2/kWh 27
183 Saint Pierre and Miquelon614 g CO2/kWh 614 g CO2/kWh 25
183 Mayotte616 g CO2/kWh 616 g CO2/kWh 25
185 Malaysia620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Marshall Islands620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Micronesia620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Nauru620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Palau620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Seychelles620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
185 Trinidad and Tobago620 g CO2/kWh 620 g CO2/kWh 24
192 Puerto Rico624 g CO2/kWh 624 g CO2/kWh 23
192 Kazakhstan630 g CO2/kWh 630 g CO2/kWh 23
194 Jamaica640 g CO2/kWh 640 g CO2/kWh 21
194 Turkmenistan640 g CO2/kWh 640 g CO2/kWh 21
196 American Samoa651 g CO2/kWh 651 g CO2/kWh 20
197 Barbados660 g CO2/kWh 660 g CO2/kWh 19
197 Oman660 g CO2/kWh 660 g CO2/kWh 19
197 Saint Lucia660 g CO2/kWh 660 g CO2/kWh 19
197 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines660 g CO2/kWh 660 g CO2/kWh 19
197 Curacao662 g CO2/kWh 662 g CO2/kWh 19
202 Saint-Martin674 g CO2/kWh 674 g CO2/kWh 17
202 Sint Maarten674 g CO2/kWh 674 g CO2/kWh 17
202 U.S. Virgin Islands674 g CO2/kWh 674 g CO2/kWh 17
202 Macau675 g CO2/kWh 675 g CO2/kWh 17
202 Montserrat675 g CO2/kWh 675 g CO2/kWh 17
202 Wallis and Futuna675 g CO2/kWh 675 g CO2/kWh 17
208 Antigua and Barbuda680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Grenada680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Indonesia680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Maldives680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Poland680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Saint Kitts and Nevis680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Saudi Arabia680 g CO2/kWh 680 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Guam683 g CO2/kWh 683 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Northern Mariana Islands683 g CO2/kWh 683 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Anguilla685 g CO2/kWh 685 g CO2/kWh 16
208 British Virgin Islands685 g CO2/kWh 685 g CO2/kWh 16
208 Turks and Caicos Islands685 g CO2/kWh 685 g CO2/kWh 16
220 Bermuda699 g CO2/kWh 699 g CO2/kWh 14
220 Cayman Islands699 g CO2/kWh 699 g CO2/kWh 14
220 India700 g CO2/kWh 700 g CO2/kWh 14
223 Bahamas720 g CO2/kWh 720 g CO2/kWh 11
223 Kosovo720 g CO2/kWh 720 g CO2/kWh 11
225 Kuwait760 g CO2/kWh 760 g CO2/kWh 6
226 Brunei780 g CO2/kWh 780 g CO2/kWh 4
226 Mongolia780 g CO2/kWh 780 g CO2/kWh 4
228 South Africa790 g CO2/kWh 790 g CO2/kWh 2
229 Botswana830 g CO2/kWh 830 g CO2/kWh 1

Last rating: June 21st, 2026

How the Raw Value Is Calculated

The raw value shows the carbon dioxide intensity of electricity generation in grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour. Low values indicate clean electricity, while high values indicate fossil-heavy generation.

Nomadino uses power-mix and emissions-intensity data from Our World in Data and Ember, with World Bank and IEA electricity-mix data as plausibility anchors. For territories without their own series, replacements are derived from renewable share, fossil island generation, administering state and regional power mix.

The rating gives very clean power systems up to 25 g CO2/kWh 100 points. At 800 g CO2/kWh or more, the rating reaches the lower scale point. Values in between are scaled linearly.

This indicator rates the climate impact of electricity generation. It does not show whether power is cheap, always available or geopolitically independent.