Expropriation Risk

Nomadino expropriation-risk index on a 0-100 risk-point scale. Lower raw risk is better. The raw value combines property-rights and expropriation protection, rule of law and judicial remedies, corruption and arbitrary administration risk, investor-state dispute and nationalisation pressure, crisis and state-collapse context, and compensation or equal-access safeguards. Score equals 100 minus raw value.
1 Switzerland4 risk points 4 risk points 96
2 Singapore6 risk points 6 risk points 94
3 New Zealand7 risk points 7 risk points 93
4 Denmark8 risk points 8 risk points 92
4 Finland8 risk points 8 risk points 92
4 Norway8 risk points 8 risk points 92
7 Iceland9 risk points 9 risk points 91
7 Liechtenstein9 risk points 9 risk points 91
7 Luxembourg9 risk points 9 risk points 91
10 Australia10 risk points 10 risk points 90
10 Canada10 risk points 10 risk points 90
10 Netherlands10 risk points 10 risk points 90
10 Sweden10 risk points 10 risk points 90
14 Austria11 risk points 11 risk points 89
14 Germany11 risk points 11 risk points 89
14 Ireland11 risk points 11 risk points 89
14 Japan11 risk points 11 risk points 89
14 Monaco11 risk points 11 risk points 89
19 Andorra14 risk points 14 risk points 86
19 Bermuda14 risk points 14 risk points 86
19 Cayman Islands14 risk points 14 risk points 86
19 Faroe Islands14 risk points 14 risk points 86
19 Gibraltar14 risk points 14 risk points 86
19 San Marino14 risk points 14 risk points 86
25 Greenland15 risk points 15 risk points 85
26 Estonia18 risk points 18 risk points 82
27 United Kingdom19 risk points 19 risk points 81
28 Belgium21 risk points 21 risk points 79
29 Anguilla23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 Aruba23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 British Virgin Islands23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 Czech Republic23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 France23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 Portugal23 risk points 23 risk points 77
29 Turks and Caicos Islands23 risk points 23 risk points 77
36 Montserrat24 risk points 24 risk points 76
36 Saint Pierre and Miquelon24 risk points 24 risk points 76
38 Curacao25 risk points 25 risk points 75
38 Korea Republic25 risk points 25 risk points 75
38 Malta25 risk points 25 risk points 75
38 Slovenia25 risk points 25 risk points 75
38 Spain25 risk points 25 risk points 75
38 Uruguay25 risk points 25 risk points 75
44 Barbados26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Guadeloupe26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Latvia26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Lithuania26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Martinique26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Réunion26 risk points 26 risk points 74
44 Sint Maarten26 risk points 26 risk points 74
51 Chile27 risk points 27 risk points 73
51 Guam27 risk points 27 risk points 73
51 Saint-Martin27 risk points 27 risk points 73
51 United States27 risk points 27 risk points 73
55 Chinese Taipei28 risk points 28 risk points 72
55 Cyprus28 risk points 28 risk points 72
55 French Guiana28 risk points 28 risk points 72
55 Slovakia28 risk points 28 risk points 72
55 Tahiti28 risk points 28 risk points 72
60 Mauritius29 risk points 29 risk points 71
60 Poland29 risk points 29 risk points 71
60 Puerto Rico29 risk points 29 risk points 71
60 U.S. Virgin Islands29 risk points 29 risk points 71
64 Croatia30 risk points 30 risk points 70
64 Italy30 risk points 30 risk points 70
64 New Caledonia30 risk points 30 risk points 70
67 Antigua and Barbuda31 risk points 31 risk points 69
67 Bahamas31 risk points 31 risk points 69
67 Cook Islands31 risk points 31 risk points 69
67 Northern Mariana Islands31 risk points 31 risk points 69
67 Saint Kitts and Nevis31 risk points 31 risk points 69
67 Seychelles31 risk points 31 risk points 69
73 American Samoa32 risk points 32 risk points 68
73 Botswana32 risk points 32 risk points 68
73 Grenada32 risk points 32 risk points 68
73 Niue32 risk points 32 risk points 68
73 United Arab Emirates32 risk points 32 risk points 68
78 Cape Verde33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Costa Rica33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Dominica33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Mayotte33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Saint Lucia33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines33 risk points 33 risk points 67
78 Wallis and Futuna33 risk points 33 risk points 67
85 Greece34 risk points 34 risk points 66
85 Malaysia34 risk points 34 risk points 66
87 Romania35 risk points 35 risk points 65
88 Brunei37 risk points 37 risk points 63
88 Bulgaria37 risk points 37 risk points 63
88 Namibia37 risk points 37 risk points 63
88 Qatar37 risk points 37 risk points 63
88 Trinidad and Tobago37 risk points 37 risk points 63
93 Georgia38 risk points 38 risk points 62
93 Hong Kong38 risk points 38 risk points 62
93 Montenegro38 risk points 38 risk points 62
93 Panama38 risk points 38 risk points 62
97 Jamaica39 risk points 39 risk points 61
97 Palau39 risk points 39 risk points 61
99 Bhutan40 risk points 40 risk points 60
99 Fiji40 risk points 40 risk points 60
99 Hungary40 risk points 40 risk points 60
99 Macau40 risk points 40 risk points 60
99 North Macedonia40 risk points 40 risk points 60
99 Samoa40 risk points 40 risk points 60
105 Albania41 risk points 41 risk points 59
105 Belize41 risk points 41 risk points 59
105 Kuwait41 risk points 41 risk points 59
105 Vanuatu41 risk points 41 risk points 59
109 Armenia42 risk points 42 risk points 58
109 Dominican Republic42 risk points 42 risk points 58
109 Jordan42 risk points 42 risk points 58
109 Serbia42 risk points 42 risk points 58
113 Morocco43 risk points 43 risk points 57
113 Nauru43 risk points 43 risk points 57
113 Peru43 risk points 43 risk points 57
116 Ghana44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Kosovo44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Maldives44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Micronesia44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Senegal44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Tonga44 risk points 44 risk points 56
116 Tuvalu44 risk points 44 risk points 56
123 Bosnia and Herzegovina45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 Guyana45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 Marshall Islands45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 São Tomé and Príncipe45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 Suriname45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 Thailand45 risk points 45 risk points 55
123 Tunisia45 risk points 45 risk points 55
130 Argentina46 risk points 46 risk points 54
130 Mongolia46 risk points 46 risk points 54
130 Paraguay46 risk points 46 risk points 54
133 Moldova47 risk points 47 risk points 53
133 Rwanda47 risk points 47 risk points 53
135 Ivory Coast48 risk points 48 risk points 52
135 Kazakhstan48 risk points 48 risk points 52
137 Brazil49 risk points 49 risk points 51
137 Kiribati49 risk points 49 risk points 51
137 Sri Lanka49 risk points 49 risk points 51
140 Gambia50 risk points 50 risk points 50
140 Indonesia50 risk points 50 risk points 50
140 Lesotho50 risk points 50 risk points 50
140 South Africa50 risk points 50 risk points 50
140 Zambia50 risk points 50 risk points 50
145 Benin51 risk points 51 risk points 49
145 Philippines51 risk points 51 risk points 49
147 Solomon Islands52 risk points 52 risk points 48
147 Tanzania52 risk points 52 risk points 48
147 Timor-Leste52 risk points 52 risk points 48
147 Vietnam52 risk points 52 risk points 48
151 Bahrain54 risk points 54 risk points 46
151 Oman54 risk points 54 risk points 46
153 India55 risk points 55 risk points 45
154 Algeria58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Azerbaijan58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Bolivia58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Djibouti58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Ecuador58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Egypt58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 El Salvador58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Gabon58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Guatemala58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Kenya58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Kyrgyzstan58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Laos58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Liberia58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Malawi58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Mauritania58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Nepal58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Papua New Guinea58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Sierra Leone58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Swaziland58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Togo58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Turkey58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Uzbekistan58 risk points 58 risk points 42
154 Zanzibar58 risk points 58 risk points 42
177 Angola61 risk points 61 risk points 39
178 Colombia66 risk points 66 risk points 34
178 Ethiopia66 risk points 66 risk points 34
178 Mexico66 risk points 66 risk points 34
178 Pakistan66 risk points 66 risk points 34
178 Saudi Arabia66 risk points 66 risk points 34
183 China69 risk points 69 risk points 31
184 Bangladesh72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Burundi72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Cambodia72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Cameroon72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Comoros72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Congo72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Equatorial Guinea72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Guinea72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Guinea-Bissau72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Honduras72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Madagascar72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Mozambique72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Nigeria72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Tajikistan72 risk points 72 risk points 28
184 Uganda72 risk points 72 risk points 28
199 Nicaragua75 risk points 75 risk points 25
200 Lebanon76 risk points 76 risk points 24
200 Niger76 risk points 76 risk points 24
202 Mali79 risk points 79 risk points 21
203 Burkina Faso80 risk points 80 risk points 20
203 Israel80 risk points 80 risk points 20
203 Ukraine80 risk points 80 risk points 20
206 Iraq81 risk points 81 risk points 19
207 Turkmenistan82 risk points 82 risk points 18
208 Western Sahara83 risk points 83 risk points 17
209 Belarus84 risk points 84 risk points 16
209 Russia84 risk points 84 risk points 16
209 Zimbabwe84 risk points 84 risk points 16
212 Chad86 risk points 86 risk points 14
213 Iran89 risk points 89 risk points 11
214 Central African Republic92 risk points 92 risk points 8
214 Congo DR92 risk points 92 risk points 8
214 Cuba92 risk points 92 risk points 8
214 Haiti92 risk points 92 risk points 8
218 Eritrea93 risk points 93 risk points 7
219 Libya95 risk points 95 risk points 5
220 Palestine96 risk points 96 risk points 4
221 Myanmar97 risk points 97 risk points 3
222 Afghanistan99 risk points 99 risk points 1
223 Korea DPR100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 Somalia100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 South Sudan100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 Sudan100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 Syria100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 Venezuela100 risk points 100 risk points 0
223 Yemen100 risk points 100 risk points 0

Last rating: June 14th, 2026

How the Raw Value Is Calculated

The raw value is a Nomadino expropriation-risk index from 0 to 100 risk points. 0 means very low risk of state seizure, arbitrary nationalisation or inadequate compensation; 100 means extreme risk. Lower is better.

The calculation combines six components: 30% property-rights and expropriation protection, 20% rule of law and judicial remedies, 15% corruption and arbitrary administration, 15% investment disputes and nationalisation pressure, 10% crisis and state-collapse context, and 10% compensation and access safeguards.

The public source families are Heritage Property Rights, International Property Rights Index, World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, World Justice Project Rule of Law Index, UNCTAD investment-dispute data, UNCTAD investment-law data, World Bank Business Ready, World Bank Women Business and the Law, and Fraser Economic Freedom data. Nomadino harmonises these signals with maintained indicators for property-rights security, rule of law, corruption, government efficiency, political stability, political violence, active conflicts, geopolitical risk and foreigner ownership rights.

Not every lawful taking for roads, schools or infrastructure is scored negatively. The key question is whether intervention is clearly regulated by law, serves a public purpose, allows independent court review and provides compensation that is predictable, timely and enforceable.

Score ceilings and raw-risk floors apply for state collapse, active war, occupation, politicised courts, systematic confiscation, weak compensation, very high corruption, sanctions or strong arbitrary-administration risk. Territories without full source coverage use harmonised fallbacks based on administering state, local law, autonomy, regional comparators and administrative influence.

The score is derived from the raw value: score = 100 minus raw value. A lower raw value therefore improves the ranking.